As the global automotive industry transitions to electrification, the battery cooling system of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a vital role. Batteries are the core of EV power, and their performance directly affects the efficiency, safety and durability of the entire vehicle. In order to ensure that the battery operates under optimal conditions, an effective and reliable cooling system is indispensable.
The design of the battery cooling system must weigh multiple factors, including the selection of cooling media, heat exchange efficiency, material durability, system complexity, cost and weight. With the increase in battery capacity and power density, higher requirements are also placed on the performance and reliability of the cooling system. In addition, automated and intelligent battery thermal management can also optimize the working state of the battery and improve the energy efficiency of the entire system.
1. Selection of cooling media
Air cooling has low volumetric efficiency, but its structure is simple and the cost is relatively low. However, for high power density batteries, air cooling often cannot meet the cooling requirements. Liquid cooling has higher heat dissipation efficiency and is the current mainstream cooling solution, but it also has the disadvantages of complex system, thermal expansion problems, and possible corrosion risks. New cooling media, such as phase change materials and neutral liquids, have also begun to attract the attention of researchers.
2. Heat exchange efficiency
The key to improving heat exchange efficiency is to improve the contact interface and fluid flow. The use of porous materials can increase the contact area between the coolant and the battery material, while the optimized flow channel design can increase the fluid flow rate, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect.
The advancement of electric vehicle battery cooling systems is an important part of achieving long-life, high-performance and low-cost EVs. With the continuous advancement and innovation of technology, future battery cooling systems will be more efficient and energy-saving, and will help promote the sustainable development of the entire electric vehicle industry.