Effective cooling is essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity. EV batteries operate best within a temperature range of 20–25°C. Several cooling methods are commonly used to maintain this range:
1. Air Cooling
Uses fans to blow air over the battery pack. While cost-effective, air cooling is less efficient compared to other methods.
2. Liquid Cooling
A highly efficient method where a liquid coolant, like water or ethylene glycol, circulates through tubes or plates surrounding the battery pack. This ensures even heat distribution and is the most widely adopted solution.
3. Phase Change Materials
These materials absorb heat by changing their state, helping to regulate battery temperature during extreme loads.
4. Submersion Cooling
The battery pack is submerged in a dielectric fluid, offering superior cooling performance and safety from thermal runaway.
Advanced cooling systems like compact aluminum cold plates maximize thermal management efficiency, allowing manufacturers to fit denser, more powerful batteries into smaller spaces.
